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- TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE((((1111)))) TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE((((1111))))
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- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- time - time a command
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- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- ttttiiiimmmmeeee [ ----ffff _f_o_r_m_a_t | ----llll | ----pppp ] command
-
- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- The _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed; after it exits, ttttiiiimmmmeeee prints resource usage
- statistics to standard error. By default, this report includes the
- elapsed time the command spent running, the CPU time spent in execution
- of the command its reaped children, and the CPU time spent executing
- system code by the command and its reaped children. Times are reported
- in seconds.
-
- ttttiiiimmmmeeee may be directed to produce other resource usage reports via command
- line options. Additionally, the environment variable TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE may be used to
- establish a default report format. See below for a description of how
- the contents of this report format specification are interpreted.
-
- OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
- ----ffff _f_o_r_m_a_t
- Specify a resource usage report format. See below for a description
- of how the contents of this string are interpreted.
-
- ----llll Use a long resource usage report that covers all resource usage
- statistics that are collected.
-
- ----pppp Use the standard default resource usage report format:
-
- real _e_l_a_p_s_e_d _t_i_m_e
- user _u_s_e_r _C_P_U _t_i_m_e
- sys _s_y_s_t_e_m _C_P_U _t_i_m_e
-
- This is useful when the TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE environment variable has been set to
- establish a different default resource usage report format.
-
- RRRREEEESSSSOOOOUUUURRRRCCCCEEEE UUUUSSSSAAAAGGGGEEEE RRRREEEEPPPPOOOORRRRTTTT FFFFOOOORRRRMMMMAAAATTTT SSSSPPPPEEEECCCCIIIIFFFFIIIICCCCAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- ttttiiiimmmmeeee may be directed to produce a customized resource usage report format
- either via the ----ffff _f_o_r_m_a_t command line option or the TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE environment
- variable. In both cases the specified string is scanned for pppprrrriiiinnnnttttffff(3)-
- like percent ("%") escape sequences. These sequences cause various
- resource usage statistics to be output. Additionally several backslash
- ("\") escapes are also provided to help in outputting special characters.
- All other non-escape characters are output as is. The set of escape
- sequences recognized and their interpretations are:
-
- \\\\\\\\ A backslash "\".
-
- \\\\nnnn A newline. Note: if the last character output by the format string
- is not a newline, one will be automatically appended.
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
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- TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE((((1111)))) TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE((((1111))))
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- \\\\rrrr A carriage return.
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- \\\\tttt A tab.
-
- \\\\_n_n_n The character corresponding to the octal number _n_n_n which may be up
- to three digits.
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- %%%%%%%% A percent sign "%".
-
- %%%%EEEE The elapsed time.
-
- %%%%UUUU The user CPU time for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d and all of its children which were
- _r_e_a_p_e_d by _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. (A child is reaped by calling one of the wwwwaaaaiiiitttt(2)
- system calls.)
-
- %%%%SSSS The system CPU time for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d and all of its children which were
- _r_e_a_p_e_d
-
- %%%%PPPP The percent CPU utilization followed by a percent sign "%". This is
- calculated as (%%%%UUUU+%%%%SSSS)/%%%%EEEE*100. Note that this percentage can be
- greater that 100% on multiprocessor systems. This can happen
- because %%%%UUUU and %%%%SSSS include all the CPU time accumulated by _c_o_m_m_a_n_d
- and its reaped children. Since those children can execute in
- parallel on an MP system, CPU time can accumulate faster than
- elapsed time ...
-
- %%%%RRRR The number of page faults that resulted in a page being reclaimed
- from the page cache.
-
- %%%%FFFF The number of page faults that resulted in a page being read from
- disk.
-
- %%%%VVVV The sum of %%%%RRRR and %%%%FFFF.
-
- %%%%wwww The number of voluntary context switches. These result from
- explicit yields via calls to sssslllleeeeeeeepppp(2), ssssggggiiiinnnnaaaapppp(2), etc. and from
- contention on a resource. High voluntary context switches and large
- amounts of idle time often indicate an MP resource contention
- problem.
-
- %%%%cccc The number of involuntary context switches. These result from a
- process being switched out at the end of its CPU time slice or being
- preempted by a higher priority process.
-
- %%%%WWWW The number of times the process was swapped. Non-zero values here
- indicate that the system memory is probably desperately
- oversubscribed.
-
- %%%%CCCC The sum of %%%%wwww, %%%%cccc, and %%%%WWWW.
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
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- TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE((((1111)))) TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE((((1111))))
-
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- %%%%IIII The number of disk input operations that were performed for the
- process. Note that not all rrrreeeeaaaadddd(2) calls result in disk input
- operations. If the requested data is found in the system buffer
- cache, no disk input operation will be necessary.
-
- %%%%OOOO The number of disk output operations that were performed for the
- process. Note that this number is somewhat fuzzy since wwwwrrrriiiitttteeee(2)
- calls are performed asynchronously by copying the requested output
- data into the system buffer cache and scheduling the actual output
- operation to occur at a later time. If the process exits before the
- actual output operation, it won't be charged against the process.
-
- %%%%???? The sum of %%%%IIII and %%%%OOOO.
-
- %%%%kkkk The number of signals received by the process.
-
- EEEEXXXXIIIITTTT SSSSTTTTAAAATTTTUUUUSSSS
- If the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is invoked, the exit status of ttttiiiimmmmeeee will be the exit
- status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. ttttiiiimmmmeeee will exit with an exit status of 1-125 if an
- error occurred in the ttttiiiimmmmeeee command itself. An exit status of 126 will be
- returned if the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d specified was found but could not be invoked. If
- the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d could not be found, the exit status will be 127.
-
- EEEENNNNVVVVIIIIRRRROOOONNNNMMMMEEEENNNNTTTT
- TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE Used to establish a default resource usage report format. The ----pppp
- option may be used to force the built in default.
-
- NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEESSSS
- Users of ccccsssshhhh(1), ttttccccsssshhhh(1), and kkkksssshhhh(1) (and most other shells) beware:
- these shells have builtin ttttiiiimmmmeeee commands which perform the same function
- as ttttiiiimmmmeeee(1) but print the results in a different format. Also note that
- the ttttiiiimmmmeeee commands in ccccsssshhhh and ttttccccsssshhhh have similar, but not identical output
- formatting capability.
-
- Note that timing shell pipe lines may not produce the results that you
- think they should. In particular, the Bourne and Korn shells both return
- as soon as the last command in a pipe line terminates. For instance,
- note that in the second example below, ////bbbbiiiinnnn////ttttiiiimmmmeeee outputs a real time of
- approximately 5 seconds even though the first command in the pipe line
- won't terminate for another 5 seconds.
-
- % /bin/time /bin/sh -c 'sleep 5 | sleep 10'
-
- real 10.100
- user 0.010
- sys 0.040
- % /bin/time /bin/sh -c 'sleep 10 | sleep 5'
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- real 5.060
- user 0.010
- sys 0.040
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
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- TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE((((1111)))) TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE((((1111))))
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- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- ccccsssshhhh(1), ttttccccsssshhhh(1), ksh(1), ggggeeeettttrrrruuuussssaaaaggggeeee(2), ppppeeeerrrrffffeeeexxxx(1), ssssssssrrrruuuunnnn(1)*
-
- * The ssssssssrrrruuuunnnn(1) command is part of the SSSSppppeeeeeeeeddddSSSShhhhoooopppp image in the IRIXTM
- Development Option.
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444
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